Smart litter boxes may help detect subtle changes linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats by continuously monitoring elimination behaviour and body weight at home.

A new retrospective study from Nestlé Purina PetCare Global Research and Development and The Ohio State University found that data from a smart litter box monitor could identify behavioural patterns associated with CKD. The findings were published in the journal Animals.

Researchers analysed data from 136 cats, including cats diagnosed with CKD and cats with no known health conditions. They compared about two dozen features related to elimination frequency, weight, duration, litter box visits, and digging intensity.

The monitor uses load sensors and machine learning to track urination, defecation, and non-elimination visits. It can also distinguish between multiple cats in the same household and share trends through a connected app.

Researchers developed a predictive model using one group of cats and tested it on a separate group. The system identified patterns that were associated with CKD.

CKD remains a major health concern in cats. Routine veterinary examinations provide periodic snapshots, which may miss subtle changes between visits. Continuous monitoring could provide a more detailed picture of a cat’s daily behaviour, Purina says.

“By monitoring elimination behaviour and body weight patterns passively in the home, we can identify trends that may signal a need for veterinary evaluation and diagnostic testing,” said Ragen McGowan, PhD, of Nestlé Purina PetCare Global Research and Development. McGowan said the technology could complement routine veterinary care by encouraging earlier conversations and follow-up testing when a cat’s patterns change.